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Directive (EU) 2023/2225 (Consumer Credit Directive 2 – CCD2) was published in the Official Journal of the European Union on October 30, 2023. It repeals Directive 2008/48/EC (Consumer Credit Directive – CCD) and lays down a common framework for the harmonisation of certain aspects of the laws, regulations and administrative provision of member states concerning credit agreements for consumers.
The directive defines credit agreements as an agreement whereby a creditor grants or promises to grant to a consumer credit in the form of a deferred payment, loan or other similar financial accommodation, except for agreements for the provision of services on a continuing basis or for the supply of goods of the same kind, where the consumer pays for such services or goods for the duration of their provision by means of instalments. Meanwhile, it defines a consumer as a natural person who acts for purposes which are outside his or her trade, business or profession.
The directive aims to modernise the rules surrounding consumer credit by extending its provisions to buy now, pay later (BNPL) products, mirco-loans below €200 and crowdfunding. It also strengthens transparency requirements, such as the information which must be provided prior to the conclusion of a credit agreement and rules on inferred agreements.
CCD2 was first discussed in the European Commission’s 2020 work programme as part of its push for European Democracy. It was then subsequently proposed by the European Commission on June 30, 2021.
With the publication of CCD2 in the Official Journal of the European Union, the directive entered into force on November 19, 2023. The directive is set to apply on November 20, 2026.
This Mapping EU Legislation: CCD2 page will be updated in line with any CCD2 update. This includes any delegated regulation, implementing regulation or guideline issued and published.
Key Dates
|
Step |
Date |
|
CCD2 entry into force |
November 19, 2023 |
|
Member states to adopt and publish necessary provisions |
November 20, 2025 |
|
Member states to apply CCD2 |
November 20, 2026 |
|
Repeal of Directive 2008/48/EC (Consumer Credit Directive – CCD) |
November 20, 2026 |
Member State Implementation
|
Country |
Implementation Stage |
Transposition date |
|
France * |
Fully transposed via Law No. 2025-391 and Ordinance No. 20250-880. |
September 3, 2025 |
|
Fully transposed by the Act on Consumer Loans and Other Loans and Credits for Consumers and 11 other measures. |
November 19, 2025 |
|
|
Fully transposed via the Act amending the Credit Agreements Act, the Marketing and and Others. |
November 20, 2025 |
|
|
Fully transposed via Government Decree No. 399/2025 and 31 other measures. |
December 16, 2025 |
|
|
Fully transposed by Legislative Decree No. 212/2025. |
January 9, 2026 |
|
|
Finland * |
Fully transposed via the Act amending the Consumer Protection Act. |
January 21, 2026 |
|
Slovenia * |
Partially transposed by the Central Credit Registry Act (ZCKR-1). |
N/A |
|
Germany * |
In progress. A draft law to transpose CCD2 is going through the legislative process. |
N/A |
|
Bulgaria * |
In progress. A consultation on the draft law to implement CCD2 closed in January 2026. |
N/A |
|
Ireland * |
In progress. A consultation on the draft law to implement CCD2 closed in October 2024. |
N/A |
|
Malta * |
In progress. A consultation on the draft law to implement CCD2 closed at the start of February 2026. Additionally, Malta’s Financial Services Authority has published a circular on the transposition of the directive. |
N/A |
|
Spain * |
In progress. A consultation on the draft law and Royal Decree to implement CCD2 closed in January 2026. |
N/A |
|
In progress. A consultation on the draft laws and decrees to implement CCD2 closed at the start of February 2026. |
N/A |
|
|
Sweden * |
In progress. The draft law implementing CCD2 is in the legislative process. |
N/A |
|
To the best of Vixio’s knowledge, no progress has been made. |
N/A |
|
|
Belgium * |
To the best of Vixio’s knowledge, no progress has been made. |
N/A |
|
Latvia * |
To the best of Vixio’s knowledge, no progress has been made. |
N/A |
|
Lithuania * |
To the best of Vixio’s knowledge, no progress has been made. |
N/A |
|
Greece * |
To the best of Vixio’s knowledge, no progress has been made. |
N/A |
|
Romania * |
To the best of Vixio’s knowledge, no progress has been made. |
N/A |
|
Czechia * |
To the best of Vixio’s knowledge, no progress has been made. |
N/A |
|
Cyprus * |
To the best of Vixio’s knowledge, no progress has been made. |
N/A |
|
Portugal * |
To the best of Vixio’s knowledge, no progress has been made. |
N/A |
|
Austria * |
To the best of Vixio’s knowledge, no progress has been made. |
N/A |
|
Poland * |
To the best of Vixio’s knowledge, no progress has been made. |
N/A |
|
Estonia * |
To the best of Vixio’s knowledge, no progress has been made. |
N/A |
|
Luxembourg * |
To the best of Vixio’s knowledge, no progress has been made. |
N/A |
* Countries marked were, on January 30, 2026, subject to the European Commission's infringement procedures for failing to communicate complete transposition of the directive.
CCD2 Secondary Regulations
CCD2 contains empowerments for the European Commission to develop draft delegated and implementing acts.
A draft act, once finalised by the regulators, is submitted to the European Commission for endorsement. If endorsed, it will be published in the Official Journal of the European Union as either a Commission Delegated Regulation (for a delegated act) or a Commission Implementing Regulation (for an implementing act). The procedure for the adoption of delegated acts is known as comitology (Article 290, Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union).
To date, no implementing or delegated regulations have been published by the European Commission. Article 45 of CCD2 contains the empowerment for the European Commission to adopt delegated acts for the purposes of Article 30(5).
Specifically, Article 30 provides for the calculation of the annual percentage rate of change which shall be calculated in accordance with the formula set out in Part I of Annex III. The European Commission may, however, adopt draft delegated acts where the assumptions set out in Article 30 and in Part II of Annex III do not suffice to calculate the annual percentage rate of charge in a uniform manner or are no longer adapted to the commercial situations in the market.
The power to adopt a delegated act lapses on November 19, 2031.
CCD2 Guidelines
To the best of Vixio’s knowledge, to date, no guidelines have been drafted or published for CCD2.
